Rheumatology

Rheumatology is the study and treatment of rheumatic illnesses, which are ailments that affect the joints, muscles, and bones. Inflammation, autoimmune disorders, infections, and hereditary factors can all contribute to the development of these illnesses. Rheumatologists are medical specialists who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, lupus, gout, and other similar disorders. They employ a number of diagnostic methods, including blood tests and imaging scans, to aid in the identification of the underlying causes of these disorders and the development of tailored treatment programs to control symptoms and enhance quality of life.

Types of diseases

Rheumatologists diagnose and treat the following diseases

Arthritis degenerative

Osteoarthritis

Inflammatory arthropathies

Arthritis rheumatoid
Spondyloarthropathies
Ankylosing spondylitis Reactive arthritis (reactive arthropathy) Psoriatic arthritis Enteropathic arthritis
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA)
Gout and pseudogout – crystal arthropathies.
Arthritis septicum

Systemic illnesses and connective tissue disorders

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
Sjögren’s syndrome
Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis)
Polymyositis
Dermatomyositis
Rheumatic polymyalgia
mixed connective tissue disease
Polychondritis relapsing
Adult-onset’s Still disease

Sarcoidosis
Fibromyalgia
Myofascial pain syndrome
Vasculitis
Microscopic polyangiitis
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Polyarteritis nodosa
Henoch–Schönlein purpura
Serum sickness
Giant cell arteritis, Temporal arteritis
Takayasu’s arteritis
Behçet’s disease
Kawasaki disease (mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome)
Thromboangiitis obliterans
Hereditary periodic fever syndromes

Soft tissue rheumatism

Local diseases and lesions affecting the joints and structures around the joints including tendons, ligaments capsules, bursae, stress fractures, muscles, nerve entrapment, vascular lesions, and ganglia. For example:

Tennis elbow
Golfer’s elbow
Olecranon bursitis
Low back pain

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Diagnosis and treatment

Rheumatology illness diagnosis and therapy often entail the following:

Diagnosis:

Physical examination and medical history
Blood tests to detect inflammation, autoantibodies, and other illness indicators
X-rays, ultrasounds, and MRIs are used to examine for joint injury or other abnormalities.
Joint aspiration or biopsy to look for evidence of inflammation or injury in joint fluid or tissue

Treatment

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIDs), disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and biologic therapy are examples of medications.
Exercise and physical treatment to enhance joint function and mobility
Corticosteroid or hyaluronic acid injections into the joints to decrease inflammation and promote joint lubrication
Surgical treatment for significant joint injury or deformity

The therapy for rheumatic illnesses will vary depending on the condition and severity of the symptoms. Early detection and treatment can assist to avoid or reduce joint deterioration, as well as enhance overall quality of life.

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